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Что (кто) такое reverse lend-lease - определение
![Mk III 'Valentine']] destroyed in the [[Soviet Union]], January 1944](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-277-0850-11, Russland, zerstörter russischer Panzer.jpg?width=200 "Mk III 'Valentine']] destroyed in the [[Soviet Union]], January 1944")
![Carol I.]] with British-supplied [[Universal Carrier]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lend-Lease x Universal Carrier x Intrarea Armatei Sovietice in Bucuresti - Bulevardul Carol.jpg?width=200 "Carol I.]] with British-supplied [[Universal Carrier]]")
![A [[Valentine tank]] destined for the Soviet Union leaves a factory in Britain](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Valentine-tank-Stalin.jpg?width=200 "A [[Valentine tank]] destined for the Soviet Union leaves a factory in Britain")
![Ratio of [[gross domestic product]] between Allied and Axis powers, 1938–1945. See [[Military production during World War II]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WorldWarII-GDP-Relations-Allies-Axis-simple.svg?width=200 "Ratio of [[gross domestic product]] between Allied and Axis powers, 1938–1945. See [[Military production during World War II]].")
![House of Representatives]] bill # 1776, p.1](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ww2-lend-lease-bill-hr-1776-l.jpg?width=200 "House of Representatives]] bill # 1776, p.1")
![Polish First Army]] as part of U.S. Lend-Lease program](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aleje Jerozolimskie waf-2072-1002-40 (1945).jpg?width=200 "Polish First Army]] as part of U.S. Lend-Lease program")
![The Lend-Lease Memorial in [[Fairbanks, Alaska]], commemorates the shipment of U.S. aircraft to the Soviet Union along the [[Northwest Staging Route]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Defense.gov photo essay 060827-F-0193C-028.jpg?width=200 "The Lend-Lease Memorial in [[Fairbanks, Alaska]], commemorates the shipment of U.S. aircraft to the Soviet Union along the [[Northwest Staging Route]].")
![Museum of the Great Patriotic War]], Moscow, Russia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Katjuscha 1938 Moscow.jpg?width=200 "Museum of the Great Patriotic War]], Moscow, Russia")
Википедия
Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States (Pub. L. 77–11, H.R. 1776, 55 Stat. 31, enacted March 11, 1941), was a policy under which the United States supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, China, and other Allied nations with food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and 1945. The aid was given for free on the basis that such help was essential for the defense of the United States.
The Lend-Lease Act was signed into law on March 11, 1941, and ended on September 20, 1945. A total of $50.1 billion (equivalent to $719 billion in 2021) worth of supplies was shipped, or 17% of the total war expenditures of the U.S. In all, $31.4 billion went to the United Kingdom, $11.3 billion to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion to France, $1.6 billion to China, and the remaining $2.6 billion to other Allies. Roosevelt's top foreign policy advisor Harry Hopkins had effective control over Lend-Lease, making sure it was in alignment with Roosevelt's foreign policy goals.
Materiel delivered under the act was supplied at no cost, to be used until returned or destroyed. In practice, most equipment was destroyed, although some hardware (such as ships) was returned after the war. Supplies that arrived after the termination date were sold to the United Kingdom at a large discount for £1.075 billion, using long-term loans from the United States, which were finally repaid in 2006. Similarly, the Soviet Union repaid $722 million in 1971, with the remainder of the debt written off.
Reverse Lend-Lease to the United States totalled $7.8 billion. Of this, $6.8 billion came from the British and the Commonwealth. Canada also aided the United Kingdom and other Allies with the Billion Dollar Gift and Mutual Aid totalling $3.4 billion in supplies and services (equivalent to $61 billion in 2020) .
Lend-Lease effectively ended the United States' pretense of neutrality which had been enshrined in the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s. It was a decisive step away from non-interventionist policy and toward open support for the Allies. Lend-Lease's precise significance to Allied victory in WW2 is debated. However, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev and Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov both stated that Lend-Lease enabled the Soviet Union to defeat Germany on the Eastern Front.
